Âåðíåð (Werner) Õàéíö (1890 – 1964)

íåìåöêî-àìåðèêàíñêèé ïñèõîëîã, îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ ñïåöèàëèñòîâ â îáëàñòè ïñèõîëîãèè ðàçâèòèÿ; áëèçîê ïî ñâîèì âçãëÿäàì ê Ã. Êàôêå. Îáðàçîâàíèå ïîëó÷èë â Âåíñêîì óí-òå (äîêòîðñêàÿ ñòåïåíü, 1914), ïðîôåññîð (Ãàìáóðã, 1926). Ñ 1933 ã. ÷èòàë ãîñòåâûå ëåêöèè â ðàçëè÷íûõ àìåðèêàíñêèõ óíèâåðñèòåòàõ (â Ìè÷èãàíå, 1933, â Êåìáðèäæå, 1936). Ñ 1944 ã. ðàáîòàë â êà÷åñòâå ïðîôåññîðà â Áðóêëèíå, ñ 1947 ã. - â óíèâåðñèòåòå Êëàðêà â Âóñòåðå. Â. ïðèíàäëåæàë ê îñíîâîïîëîæíèêàì ñðàâíèòåëüíîé ïñèõîëîãèè. Ñ÷èòàë, ÷òî ãåíåòè÷åñêèé ïîäõîä ìîæåò ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà íàëèöî ëþáûå èçìåíåíèÿ ïîâåäåíèÿ, ò. å. â ñðàâíèòåëüíîé, äåòñêîé, äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîé ïñèõîëîãèè, â ïàòîïñèõîëîãèè è â ïñèõîëîãèè íàðîäîâ. Ðàçâèòèå âñåõ ôîðì æèçíè ïîíèìàëîñü Â. êàê îñóùåñòâëåíèå "îðòîãåíåòè÷åñêîãî çàêîíà", â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ êîòîðûì ñàìîðàçâèâàþùàÿñÿ ñèñòåìà ïåðåõîäèò îò ñîñòîÿíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíîé ðàçìûòîñòè, íåîïðåäåëåííîñòè è ìàëîé äèôôåðåíöèðîâàííîñòè ê ñîñòîÿíèþ áîëüøåé ÷åòêîñòè, äèôôåðåíöèàöèè, ñâÿçè è èåðàðõè÷åñêîé èíòåãðàöèè.  ñèëó ýòîãî, åñëè ðå÷ü èäåò î ðàçâèòèè ðåáåíêà, òî îáùåñòâî ïðåäñòàåò ëèøü ÷àñòíûì ôàêòîðîì, ïðîâîöèðóþùèì ðàçâåðòûâàíèå èçíà÷àëüíî ïðèñóùèõ ðåáåíêó, èììàíåíòíûõ (âíóòðåííèõ), ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèõ ñòðóêòóð. Ïûòàëñÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü äàííûé çàêîí â êðîññ-êóëüòóðíûõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ, ïðåæäå âñåãî â èçó÷åíèè ïðîöåññà îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîíÿòèé. Ïî åãî ìíåíèþ, â ìûøëåíèè êàê "ïðèìèòèâíîãî" ÷åëîâåêà, ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ òðàäèöèîííîãî îáùåñòâà, ãäå íåò ïèñüìåííîñòè, òàê è íåïîëíîöåííîãî ÷åëîâåêà èëè ðåáåíêà èìåþòñÿ ñõîäíûå ñòðóêòóðíûå ýëåìåíòû, äëÿ êîòîðûõ õàðàêòåðíûì ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåäèôôåðåíöèðîâàííîñòü, ñèíêðåòè÷íîñòü ìûøëåíèÿ, îñóùåñòâëÿþùåãîñÿ ïî òèïó "êîìïëåêñîâ": îòäåëüíûå, àêòóàëüíî âîñïðèíèìàåìûå è ïîýòîìó ÷àñòî ñëó÷àéíûå ïðèçíàêè ñòîéêî îáúåäèíÿþòñÿ â åäèíûé îáðàç; ìûøëåíèå íå îòäåëåíî îò âîñïðèÿòèÿ, ýìîöèé è äåéñòâèé; íåò ðàçëè÷åíèÿ ñóáúåêòà è îáúåêòà; èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ëèøü êîíêðåòíûå ñïîñîáû êëàññèôèêàöèè. Ïðè ýòîì ñîâðåìåííûé ÷åëîâåê, â ñðàâíåíèè ñ "ïðèìèòèâíûì", ïîçæå äîñòèãàåò çðåëîñòè, íî åãî èíòåëëåêòóàëüíîå ðàçâèòèå ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ çíà÷èòåëüíî äîëüøå, à íå îñòàíàâëèâàÿñü íà ðàííèõ ýòàïàõ. Â. ïðîâîäèë òàêæå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðàçâèòèÿ âîñïðèÿòèÿ è ðå÷è, â ÷àñòíîñòè èçó÷àë ïðîöåññ ïåðåêëþ÷åíèÿ îðèåíòèðîâêè äåòåé ñ ôîðìû ïðåäìåòà íà åãî öâåò. Àâòîð òðóäîâ: "Ursprunge der Metapher", Lpz., 1919; "Grundfragen der Intensitatspsychologie", 1922; "Einfuhrung in die Entwicklungspsychologie", Lpz., 1926; "Grundfragen der Sprachphysiognomik", Lpz., 1932; "Impairment in thought processes of brain-injured children" (ñîâì. ñ Strauss A.A.) // Am. J. of Mental Deficiency. 1943, 47; "Perceptual Development", 1957; "Symbol Formation" (ñîâì. ñ B. Kaplan), 1963.
Ïðîñìîòðîâ: 1233
Êàòåãîðèÿ: ÏÅÐÑÎÍÀËÈÈ




Äðóãèå íîâîñòè ïî òåìå:

  • Àøàôôåíáóðã (Aschaffenburg) Ãóñòàâ (1866 – 1944)
  • Áåðèíãåð (Beringer) Êóðò (1893 – 1949)
  • Áèðíáàóì (Birnbaum) Êàðë (20.08.1878 – 31.03.1950)
  • Áëîíäåëü (Blondel) Øàðëü (10.10.1876 – 19.02.1939)
  • Âàéöçåêåð (Weizsacker) Âèêòîð (1886 – 1957)
  • Ãàðòìàíí (Hartmann) Õàéíã (04.11.1894 – 17.05.1970)
  • Ãåëüá (Gelb) Àäåìàð Ìàêñèìèëèàí (1887 – 1936)
  • Ãåôôäèíã (Hoffding) Õàðàëüä (11.04.1843 – 02.06.1931)
  • Éåíø (Jaensch) Ýðèõ (1883 – 1941)
  • Éåðêñ (Yerkes) Ðîáåðò Ìèðíñ (1876 – 1956)
  • Êàôêà (Kafka) Ãóñòàâ (1883 – 1953)
  • Êðå÷ (Krech) Äýâèä (1909 – 1977)
  • Êýðð (Carr) Ãàðâåé (1873 – 1954)
  • Ëàöàðóñ (Lazarus) Ìîðèö (15.09.1824 – 14.04.1903)
  • Ëåâèòîâ Íèêîëàé Äìèòðèåâè÷ (1890 – 1971)
  • Ëèïïñ (Lipps) Òåîäîð (28.07.1851 – 17.10.1914)
  • Ìàéåð-Ãðîññ (Mayer-Gross) Âèëüãåëüì (1889 – 1961)
  • Íîéìàíí (Neumann) Ýðèõ (23.01.1905 – 05.11.1960)
  • Ïðèíöõîðí (Prinzhorn) Õàíñ (1886 – 1933)
  • Ðàíê (Rank) Îòòî (22.04.1880 – 31.10.1939)
  • Ðåéê (Reik) Òåîäîð (12.05.1888 – 31.12.1969)
  • Ðîáàê (Roback) Àâðààì Àðîí (1890 – 1965)
  • Ñïèòö (Spitz) Ðåíå Àðïàä (1887 – 1974)
  • Òåðìåí (Terman) Ëüþèñ Ìýäèñîí (1877 – 1956)
  • Ôåðåíöè (Ferenczi) Øàíäîð (1873 – 1933)
  • Ôîëüêåëüò (Volkelt) Õàíñ (1886 – 1964)
  • Ôîðòóíàòîâ Ãðèãîðèé Àëåêñååâè÷ (1880 – 1972)
  • Øíàéäåð (Schneider) Êóðò (1887 – 1967)
  • Øòåððèíã (Storring) Ãóñòàâ (1860 – 1946)
  • ßêîáñîí Ïàâåë Ìàêñèìîâè÷ (1902 – 1979)



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    Äàííûé ìàòåðèàë ÍÅ ÍÀÐÓØÀÅÒ àâòîðñêèå ïðàâà íèêàêèõ ôèçè÷åñêèõ èëè þðèäè÷åñêèõ ëèö.
    Åñëè ýòî íå òàê - ñâÿæèòåñü ñ àäìèíèñòðàöèåé ñàéòà.
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    ïðèîáðåñòè áóìàæíûé (ýëåêòðîííûé, àóäèî) âàðèàíò ó ïðàâîîáëàäàòåëåé.

    Íà ñàéòå «Ãëóáèííàÿ ïñèõîëîãèÿ: ó÷åíèÿ è ìåòîäèêè» ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñòàòüè, íàïðàâëåíèÿ, ìåòîäèêè ïî ïñèõîëîãèè, ïñèõîàíàëèçó, ïñèõîòåðàïèè, ïñèõîäèàãíîñòèêå, ñóäüáîàíàëèçó, ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîìó êîíñóëüòèðîâàíèþ; èãðû è óïðàæíåíèÿ äëÿ òðåíèíãîâ; áèîãðàôèè âåëèêèõ ëþäåé; ïðèò÷è è ñêàçêè; ïîñëîâèöû è ïîãîâîðêè; à òàêæå ñëîâàðè è ýíöèêëîïåäèè ïî ïñèõîëîãèè, ìåäèöèíå, ôèëîñîôèè, ñîöèîëîãèè, ðåëèãèè, ïåäàãîãèêå. Âñå êíèãè (àóäèîêíèãè), íàõîäÿùèåñÿ íà íàøåì ñàéòå, Âû ìîæåòå ñêà÷àòü áåñïëàòíî áåç âñÿêèõ ïëàòíûõ ñìñ è äàæå áåç ðåãèñòðàöèè. Âñå ñëîâàðíûå ñòàòüè è òðóäû âåëèêèõ àâòîðîâ ìîæíî ÷èòàòü îíëàéí.







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